Candlestick charts are one of the most popular components of technical analysis, allowing traders to interpret price information quickly and from only a few price bars. This article will look at what a candlestick is and other important information to keep in mind as a trader.
What Is Candlestick?
A candlestick is a graph that depicts the price movement of a trading asset. It shows the open, high, low, and closing prices for a given time period. It’s employed in technical analysis.
Candlestick charts are most commonly used in technical analysis, which is a process in which investors and analysts attempt to forecast price changes in securities using factors such as chart patterns, trading volume, and historical data rather than company fundamentals.
Technical analysts have identified a number of patterns that appear repeatedly in candlestick charts and often indicate something significant and actionable, such as a downtrend, an uptrend, or a reversal in price movement, by analyzing historical price and trading data across countless securities.
About Candlestick
Over time, individual candlesticks form patterns traders can use to recognise major support and resistance levels. There are a great many candlestick patterns that indicate an opportunity within a market – some provide insight into the balance between buying and selling pressures, while others identify continuation patterns or market indecision.
Before you start trading, it’s important to familiarise yourself with the basics of candlestick patterns and how they can inform your decisions.
Practise reading candlestick patterns
The best way to learn to read candlestick patterns is to practise entering and exiting trades from the signals they give. You can develop your skills in a risk-free environment by opening an IG demo account, or if you feel confident enough to start trading, you can open a live account today.
When using any candlestick pattern, it is important to remember that although they are great for quickly predicting trends, they should be used alongside other forms of technical analysis to confirm the overall trend. You can learn more about candlesticks and technical analysis with IG Academy’s online courses.
Bullish Candlestick Patterns
Bullish patterns may form after a Bear market, and signal a reversal of price movement. They are an indicator for traders to consider opening a long position to profit from any upward trajectory.
Hammer
The hammer candlestick pattern is formed of a short body with a long lower wick and is found at the bottom of a downward trend.
A hammer shows that although there were selling pressures during the day, ultimately a strong buying pressure drove the price back up. The colour of the body can vary, but green hammers indicate a stronger bull market than red hammers.
Inverse hammer
A similarly bullish pattern is the inverted hammer. The only difference is that the upper wick is long, while the lower wick is short.
It indicates a buying pressure, followed by a selling pressure that was not strong enough to drive the market price down. The inverse hammer suggests that buyers will soon have control of the market.
Bullish engulfing
The bullish engulfing pattern is formed of two candlesticks. The first candle is a short red body that is completely engulfed by a larger green candle.
Though the second day opens lower than the first, the bullish market pushes the price up, culminating in an obvious win for buyers.
Piercing line
The piercing line is also a two-stick pattern, made up of a long red candle, followed by a long green candle.
There is usually a significant gap down between the first candlestick’s closing price, and the green candlestick’s opening. It indicates a strong buying pressure, as the price is pushed up to or above the mid-price of the previous day.
Morning star
The morning star candlestick pattern is considered a sign of hope in a bleak market downtrend. It is a three-stick pattern: one short-bodied candle between a long red and long green. Traditionally, the ‘star’ will have no overlap with the longer bodies, as the market gaps both open and close.
It signals that the selling pressure of the first day is subsiding, and a bull market is on the horizon.
Three white soldiers
The three white soldiers pattern occurs over three days. It consists of consecutive long green (or white) candles with small wicks, which open and close progressively higher than the previous day.
It is a very strong bullish signal that occurs after a downtrend and shows a steady advance of buying pressure.
Bearish Candlestick Patterns
Bearish candlestick patterns usually form after an uptrend and signal a point of resistance. Heavy pessimism about the market price often causes traders to close their long positions, and open a short position to take advantage of the falling price.
Hanging man
The hanging man is the bearish equivalent of a hammer; it has the same shape but forms at the end of an uptrend.
It indicates that there was a significant sell-off during the day, but that buyers were able to push the price up again. The significant sell-off is often seen as an indication that the bulls are losing control of the market.
Shooting star
The shooting star is the same shape as the inverted hammer, but is formed in an uptrend: it has a small lower body and a long upper wick.
Usually, the market will gap slightly higher on opening and rally to an intra-day high before closing at a price just above the open – like a star falling to the ground.
Bearish engulfing
A bearish engulfing pattern occurs at the end of an uptrend. The first candle has a small green body that is engulfed by a subsequent long red candle.
It signifies a peak or slowdown of price movement and is a sign of an impending market downturn. The lower the second candle goes, the more significant the trend is likely to be.
Evening star
The evening star is a three-candlestick pattern that is the equivalent of the bullish morning star. It is formed of a short candle sandwiched between a long green candle and a large red candlestick.
It indicates the reversal of an uptrend and is particularly strong when the third candlestick erases the gains of the first candle.
Three black crows
The three black crows candlestick pattern comprises of three consecutive long red candles with short or non-existent wicks. Each session opens at a similar price to the previous day, but selling pressures push the price lower and lower with each close.
Traders interpret this pattern as the start of a bearish downtrend, as the sellers have overtaken the buyers during three successive trading days.
Dark cloud cover
The dark cloud cover candlestick pattern indicates a bearish reversal – a black cloud over the previous day’s optimism. It comprises two candlesticks: a red candlestick which opens above the previous green body and closes below its midpoint.
It signals that the bears have taken over the session, pushing the price sharply lower. If the wicks of the candles are short it suggests that the downtrend was extremely decisive.
Continuation Candlestick Patterns
If a candlestick pattern doesn’t indicate a change in market direction, it is what is known as a continuation pattern. These can help traders to identify a period of rest in the market when there is market indecision or neutral price movement.
Doji
When a market’s open and close are almost at the same price point, the candlestick resembles a cross or plus sign – traders should look out for a short to the non-existent body, with wicks of varying length.
This Doji’s pattern conveys a struggle between buyers and sellers that results in no net gain for either side. Alone a Doji is a neutral signal, but it can be found in reversal patterns such as the bullish morning star and bearish evening star.
Spinning top
The spinning top candlestick pattern has a short body centred between wicks of equal length. The pattern indicates indecision in the market, resulting in no meaningful change in price: the bulls sent the price higher, while the bears pushed it low again. Spinning tops are often interpreted as a period of consolidation, or rest, following a significant uptrend or downtrend.
On its own, the spinning top is a relatively benign signal, but it can be interpreted as a sign of things to come as it signifies that the current market pressure is losing control.
Falling three methods
Three-method formation patterns are used to predict the continuation of a current trend, be it bearish or bullish.
The bearish pattern is called the ‘falling three methods’. It is formed of a long red body, followed by three small green bodies, and another red body – the green candles are all contained within the range of the bearish bodies. It shows traders that the bulls do not have enough strength to reverse the trend.
Rising three methods
The opposite is true for the bullish pattern, called the ‘rising three methods’ candlestick pattern. It comprises of three short reds sandwiched within the range of two long greens. The pattern shows traders that, despite some selling pressure, buyers are retaining control of the market.
FAQs
What Does a Candle With No Wicks Indicate?
If a candlestick has no wicks (shadows) this means that the security in question is traded between its open and close prices for the entirety of the day (or period in question). A candle with no shadows may indicate strong market sentiment in whatever direction the candle is going (up if green, down if red).
What Is a Doji Candlestick?
A Doji candlestick is one with a very small or close to a nonexistent real body. This indicates that open and close prices for the day (or period in question) were nearly the same. Morning and evening star patterns both occur when a Doji candlestick appears at the end of an up or downtrend.
Conclusion
A candlestick chart is a type of price chart used in technical analysis that shows the high, low, open, and closing prices of a security over a given time period.
It was developed hundreds of years ago by Japanese rice merchants and traders to track market prices and daily momentum before becoming popular in the United States.
